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Proteins containing membrane-sculpting F-BAR (or EFC) domains organize the membrane in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here, we show that the F-BAR protein PACSIN2 sculpts the plasma membrane of the caveola. The PACSIN2 F-BAR domain interacts directly with caveolin-1 by unmasking autoinhibition of PACSIN2. F-Bar 2.0.2 – Manage Laravel Forge servers. The Laravel Forge service provides support for deploying PHP applications and managing cloud servers running on. May 11, 2012 Evolutionary history of SRGAP2. To reconstruct the evolution of the duplication events, we generated a multiple-sequence alignment for a 244.2 kbp region shared among the three contigs using orthologous sequence from chimpanzee (build GGSC 2.1.3/panTro3) and orangutan (build WUGSC 2.0.2/ponAbe2) as outgroups (Figure 2B).
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In heterotic string theory, the Strominger's equations are the set of equations that are necessary and sufficient conditions for spacetime supersymmetry. It is derived by requiring the 4-dimensional spacetime to be maximally symmetric, and adding a warp factor on the internal 6-dimensional manifold.[1]
Consider a metric on the real 6-dimensional internal manifold Y and a Hermitian metric h on a vector bundle V. The equations are:
- The 4-dimensional spacetime is Minkowski, i.e., .
- The internal manifold Y must be complex, i.e., the Nijenhuis tensor must vanish .
- The Hermitian form on the complex threefold Y, and the Hermitian metric h on a vector bundle V must satisfy,
where is the Hull-curvature two-form of , F is the curvature of h, and is the holomorphic n-form; F is also known in the physics literature as the Yang-Mills field strength. Li and Yau showed that the second condition is equivalent to being conformally balanced, i.e., .[2]
- The Yang-Mills field strength must satisfy,
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These equations imply the usual field equations, and thus are the only equations to be solved.
However, there are topological obstructions in obtaining the solutions to the equations;
- The second Chern class of the manifold, and the second Chern class of the gauge field must be equal, i.e.,
- A holomorphicn-form must exists, i.e., and .
In case V is the tangent bundle and is Kähler, we can obtain a solution of these equations by taking the Calabi-Yau metric on and .
Once the solutions for the Strominger's equations are obtained, the warp factor , dilaton and the background flux H, are determined by
- ,
- ,
References[edit]
- ^Strominger, Superstrings with Torsion, Nuclear Physics B274 (1986) 253-284
- ^Li and Yau, The Existence of Supersymmetric String Theory with Torsion, J. Differential Geom. Volume 70, Number 1 (2005), 143-181
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- Cardoso, Curio, Dall'Agata, Lust, Manousselis, and Zoupanos, Non-Kähler String Backgrounds and their Five Torsion Classes, hep-th/0211118