1. Peep 2.3.2 Pattern
2. Peep 2.3.2 Games
3. Peep 2.3.2 1
4. Peep 2.3.2 For Mac
5. Pepp 2020
6. Peep 2.3.2 Video

Quick-Start Guide

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3. May 11, 2016 Peep. Deploying Python projects has long been a source of frustration for the security-conscious: a compromise of PyPI or its third-party CDN could get you a package different from the one you signed up for.

Apr 28, 2019  CHORDS by LiL PEEP.

When you enter an equation into the calculator, the calculator will begin by expanding (simplifying) the problem. Then it will attempt to solve the equation by using one or more of the following: addition, subtraction, division, taking the square root of each side, factoring, and completing the square.

Variables

Any lowercase letter may be used as a variable.

Exponents

Exponents are supported on variables using the ^ (caret) symbol. For example, to express x², enter x^2. Note: exponents must be positive integers, no negatives, decimals, or variables. Exponents may not currently be placed on numbers, brackets, or parentheses.

Parentheses and Brackets

Parentheses ( ) and brackets [ ] may be used to group terms as in a standard equation or expression.

Multiplication, Addition, and Subtraction

For addition and subtraction, use the standard + and - symbols respectively. For multiplication, use the * symbol. A * symbol is not necessary when multiplying a number by a variable. For instance: 2 * x can also be entered as 2x. Similarly, 2 * (x + 5) can also be entered as 2(x + 5); 2x * (5) can be entered as 2x(5). The * is also optional when multiplying with parentheses, example: (x + 1)(x - 1).

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Order of Operations

The calculator follows the standard order of operations taught by most algebra books - Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction. The only exception is that division is not currently supported; attempts to use the / symbol will result in an error.

Division, Square Root, Radicals, Fractions

The above features are not supported.

Tutoring

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Released:

A 'pip install' that is cryptographically guaranteed repeatable

Project description

Note

Peep is deprecated, as we have merged its functionality into pip 8. This brings myriad improvements, including support for caching,detection of omitted dependencies, and better handling of errors and cornercases. To switch to pip 8’s hash-checking without hitting any raceconditions…

1. Upgrade to peep 3.0 (which exists mainly as a stopgap to supportrace-free upgrades like this).
2. Upgrade to pip 8.
3. Atomically, switch the format of your requirements files using peepport (described below), and start calling pip instead of peep.
4. Delete peep from your project.

Thank you for using peep! Your early support helped establish hashverification as a feature worth uplifting, and now the package ecosystem issafer for everyone.

Here are some more detailed upgrade instructions in case you needthem.

Peep

Deploying Python projects has long been a source of frustration for thesecurity-conscious: a compromise of PyPI or its third-party CDN could getyou a package different from the one you signed up for. To guaranteeknown-good dependencies for your deployments, you had to run a local packageindex, manually uploading packages as you vetted them, maintaining a set ofACLs for that server, and trying to somehow keep an audit trail of who didwhat. Alternatively, you could check everything into a vendor library, but thatmeant a lot of fooling around with your VCS (or maintaining custom tooling) todo upgrades.

Peep fixes all that.

Vet your packages, and put hashes of the PyPI-sourced tarballs intorequirements.txt, like this:

Then, use peep install instead of pip install, and let the crypto dothe rest. If a downloaded package doesn’t match the expected hash, Peep willfreak out, and installation will go no further.

There are no servers to maintain, no enormous vendor libs to wrestle, and noneed to trust a package author’s key management practices. With the additionof a few hashes to your requirements file, you can know that your chain oftrust is safely rooted in your own source tree.

Switching to Peep

1. Install Peep:

   (Or, better, embed peep.py into your codebase as described in theEmbedding section below. That eliminates having to trust an unauthenticatedPyPI download, assuming you manually vet peep.py itself the first time.)

2. Use Peep to install your project once:

   You’ll get output like this:

3. Vet the packages coming off PyPI in whatever way you typically do. Forinstance, read them, or compare them with known-good local copies.

4. Add the recommended hash lines to your requirements.txt, each onedirectly above the requirement it applies to. (The hashes are of theoriginal, compressed tarballs from PyPI.)

5. In the future, always use peep install to install your requirements. Youare now cryptographically safe!

Warning

Be careful not to nullify all your work when you install your actualproject. If you use python setup.py install, setuptools will happily goout and download, unchecked, any requirements you missed inrequirements.txt (and it’s easy to miss some as your project evolves).One way to be safe is to pack up your project and then install that usingpip and --no-deps:

The Fearsome Warning

If, during installation, a hash doesn’t match, Peep will say something likethis:

It will then exit with a status of 1. Freak out appropriately.

Other Features

• Peep implicitly turns on pip’s --no-deps option so unverifieddependencies of your requirements can’t sneak through.

• All non-install commands just fall through to pip, so you can use Peepall the time if you want. This comes in handy for existing scripts that havea big $PIP=/path/to/pip at the top.

• Peep-compatible requirements files remain entirely usable with pip,because the hashes are just comments, after all.

• Have a manually downloaded package you’ve vetted? Run peep hash on itstarball (the original, from PyPI–be sure to keep it around) to get its hashline:

• If a package is already present–which might be the case if you’re installinginto a non-empty virtualenv–Peep doesn’t bother downloading or building itagain. It assumes you installed it with Peep in a previous invocation andthus trusts it. The only exception to this is for URL-specified requirements where theURL contains a SHA-like filename (eg https://github.com/foo/bar/archive/<SHA>.zip),since the package version number is typically not incremented for every commit, soPeep cannot be sure the contents have not changed.Note: Re-using a virtualenv during deployment can really speed things up, but you willneed to manually remove dependencies that are no longer in the requirements file.

• peep port converts a peep-savvy requirements file to one compatible withpip 8’s new hashing functionality:

  Note that comments and URLs don’t make it through, but the hard part—hashformat conversion—is taken care of for you.

Embedding

Peep was designed for unsupervised continuous deployment scenarios. In suchscenarios, manual ahead-of-time preparation on the deployment machine is aliability: one more thing to go wrong. To relieve you of having to install (andupgrade) Peep by hand on your server or build box, we’ve made Peepembeddable. You can copy the peep.py file directly into your project’ssource tree and call it from there in your deployment script. This also givesyou an obvious starting point for your chain of trust: however you trust yoursource code is how you trust your copy of Peep, and Peep verifieseverything else via hashes. (Equivalent would be if your OS provided Peep as apackage–presumably you trust your OS packages already–but this is not yetcommon.)

Security and Insecurity

Here’s what you get for free with Peep–and what you don’t.

You get repeatability. If you peep install package Foo1.2.3,every subsequent install of Foo1.2.3 will be the same as the original(or Peep will complain).

Peep does not magically vet your packages. Peep is not a substitute forcombing through your packages for malicious code or comparing them withknown-good versions. If you don’t vet them, they are not vetted.

Peep does not make authors or indices trustworthy. All Peep does isguarantee that subsequent downloads of Foo1.2.3 are the same as thefirst one. It doesn’t guarantee the author of that package is trustworthy. Itdoesn’t guarantee that the author of that package is the one who released thatpackage. It doesn’t guarantee that the package index is trustworthy.

Troubleshooting

Multiple Hashes: Architecture-Specific Packages and Old Versions of PyPI

Are you suddenly getting the Fearsome Warning? Maybe you’re really in trouble,but maybe something more innocuous is happening.

If your packages install from wheels or other potentially architecture-specificsources, their hashes will obviously differ across platforms. If you deploy onmore than one, you’ll need more than one hash.

Also, some packages offer downloads in multiple formats: for example, zips andtarballs, or zips and wheels. Which version gets downloaded can vary based onyour version of pip, meaning some packages may effectively have more than onevalid hash.

To support these scenarios, you can stack up multiple known-good hashes above arequirement, as long as they are within a contiguous block of commented lines:

If you don’t want to wait until you’re bitten by this surprise, use the peephash command to find hashes of each equivalent archive for a package. I liketo vet one of them (say, the tarball), then download the others and use a filecomparison tool to verify that they have identical contents. Then I run peephash over both original archives, like so, and add the result to myrequirements.txt:

Upgrading Wheels with Old Versions of pip

If you’re reusing a virtualenv and using Peep with pip <6.0, then you shouldavoid using wheels. Otherwise, the old version of a package will not be entirelyremoved before the new one is installed, due tohttps://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/1825.

If you’re using pip 1.4, don’t pass the --use-wheel argument.

If you’re using pip 1.5, pass the --no-use-wheel argument.

Version History

• Fix compatibility with pip 8.1.2. (abbeyj)

• The “peep had a problem” traceback is no longer output for several casesof pip installation errors that were not peep’s fault: for instance, thespecified package version or requirements file not existing.
• peep port now emits URLs for URL-based requirements, if you’re usingpip 6.1.0 or greater. (jotes)

• Print the name each new requirements file we encounter during peepport. This helps untangle the mess if your files use includes. (pmac)
• Always put hashes on their own lines, even if there’s only one. (pmac)

• Add support for pip 8.x.
• Drop support for the --allow-external, --allow-unverified and--allow-all-external arguments (for compatibility with pip 8).
• Drop support for Python 3.1/3.2.

• Support pip 7.x, through the currently latest 7.1.2, working around itsbuggy line counting. (kouk)
• Add peep port command to facilitate the transition to pip 8’s hashing.
• Fix bug in which the right way to call parse_requirements() would notbe autodetected.

• Tolerate pip.__version__ being missing, which can apparently happen inarcane situations during error handling, obscuring informative tracebacks.
• Fix flake8 warnings again, and add flake8 to Travis runs.

• Add support for flags in the requirements file, pip-style, such asspecifying alternative indices with -i.
• Remove a duplicate #egg= segment from an error message.

• Copy the operative portion of the MIT license into peep.py so embedding itdoesn’t break the license.
• Fix flake8 linter warnings.
• Make peep compatible with pip v6.1.0+.
• Add tests against pip 6.0.8, 6.1.0, and 6.1.1 to the tox config.
• Run full set of tox tests on Travis.

• Add progress indication while downloading. Used with pip 6.0 and above, weshow a nice progress bar. Before that, we just mention the packages as wedownload them.
• Remove extra skipped lines from the output.
• Add tests against pip 6.0.7 to the tox config.

• Get rid of repetition of explanatory messages at the end of a run when oneapplies to multiple packages.

• Fix bug in which peep would not upgrade a package expressed in terms of aGitHub-dwelling zip file if its version had not changed.
• Add tests against pip 6.0.4, 6.0.5, and 6.0.6 to the tox config.

• Support pip 6.x.
• Make error reporting friendly, emitting a bug reporting URL andenvironment info along with the traceback.

• Fix major security hole in which a package’s setup.py would be executedafter download, regardless of whether the package’s archive matched a hash.Specifically, stop relying on pip for downloading packages, as it likes torun setup.py to extract metadata. Implement our own downloading usingwhat’s available everywhere: urllib2. As a result, HTTP proxies,basic auth, and --download-cache are unsupported at the moment.
• Refactor significantly for comprehensibility.
• Drastically improve test coverage.
• Note that HTTPS certs are no longer checked. This shouldn’t matter, givenour hash checks.

• Allow partial-line comments.
• Add the beginnings of a test suite.
• Treat package names in requirements files as case-insensitive, like pip.

• Pass through most args to the invocation of pip install that actuallyinstalls the downloaded archive. This means you can use things like--install-options fruitfully.
• Add Python 3.4 support by correcting an import.
• Install a second peep script named after the active Python version, e.g.peep-2.7. This is a convenience for those using multiple versions ofPython and not using virtualenvs.

• Support GitHub-style tarballs (that is, ones whose filenames don’t containthe distro name or version and whose version numbers aren’t reliable) inrequirements files. (Will Kahn-Greene)
• Warn when a URL-based requirement lacks #egg=. (Chris Adams)

• Support Python 3. (Keryn Knight)

• Add support for .tar.bz2 archives. (Paul McLanahan)

Peep 2.3.2 Pattern

Peep 2.3.2 Games

• Fix error (which failed safe) installing packages whose distro namescontain underscores. (Chris Ladd)

• Add wheel support. Peep will now work fine when pip decides to download awheel file. (Paul McLanahan)

• Don’t crash when trying to report a missing hash on a package that’salready installed.

• Put the operative parts of peep into a single module rather than a package,and make it directly executable. (Brian Warner)

• Support installing into non-empty virtualenvs, for speed. We do this bytrusting any already-installed package which satisfies a requirement. Thismeans you no longer have to rebuild lxml, for instance, each time youdeploy.
• Wrap text output to 80 columns for nicer word wrap.

Make some practical tweaks for projects which bootstrap their trust chains bychecking a tarball of peep into their source trees.

• Start supporting versions of pip back to 0.6.2 (released in January 2010).This way, you can deploy trustworthily on old versions of RHEL just bychecking a tarball of peep into your source tree and pip-installing it; youdon’t have to check in pip itself or go to the bother of unpacking the peeptarball and running python setup.py install from your deploy script.
• Remove the explicit dependency on pip. This is so a blithe call topip install peep.tar.gz without --no-deps doesn’t go out and pullan untrusted package from PyPI. Instead, we scream at runtime if pip isabsent or too old. Fail safe.

• Add peep hash subcommand.
• Require pip>=1.2, as lower versions have a bug that causes a crash onpeep install.

• Allow multiple acceptable hashes for a package. This works around PyPI’snon-stable handling of packages like mock, which provide equivalentzips and tarballs:https://bitbucket.org/pypa/pypi/issue/64/order-of-archives-on-index-page-is-not.

• Rework how peep downloads files and determines versions so we can toleratePEP-386-noncompliant package version numbers. This amounted to a minorrewrite.
• Remove indentation from hash output so you don’t have to dedent it afterpasting it into requirements.txt.

• Support Windows and other non-Unix OSes.
• The hash output now includes the actual version numbers of packages, so youcan just paste it straight into your requirements.txt.

• Add a shebang line so you can actually run peep after doing pipinstall peep. Sorry, folks, I was doing setup.py develop on my ownbox.

• Fix repeated-logging bug.
• Fix spurious error message about not having any requirements files.
• Pass pip’s exit code through to the outside for calls to non-installsubcommands.
• Improve spacing in the final output.

• Proof of concept. Does all the crypto stuff. Should be secure. Some roughedges in the UI.

Release historyRelease notifications

3.1.2

3.1.1

3.1

3.0

2.5.0

2.4.1

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1.2

2.1.1

2.1

2.0

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0.2

1.0.1

1.0

0.9.1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2.1

0.2

0.1

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