World Of Where 4.0.0

World Of Where 4.0.0 3,9/5 5533 votes
0-4-0+0-4-0
Equivalent classifications
UIC classB+B
French class020+020
Turkish class22+22
Swiss class2/2+2/2, 4/4 from the 1920s
Russian class0-2-0+0-2-0
First known tank engine version
First use1909
CountryAustralia
LocomotiveTGR K class
RailwayTasmanian Government Railways
DesignerBeyer, Peacock and Company
BuilderBeyer, Peacock and Company
Evolved to2-4-0+0-4-2
BenefitsTotal engine mass as adhesive weight
DrawbacksInstability at speed

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, the 0-4-0+0-4-0 is an articulated locomotive of the Garratt type. The wheel arrangement is effectively two 0-4-0 locomotives operating back-to-back or face-to-face, with the boiler and cab suspended between the two power units. Each power unit has no leading wheels, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. A similar arrangement exists for Mallet and Meyer locomotives, but is referred to as 0-4-4-0.

Overview[edit]

Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, the 0-4-0+0-4-0 is an articulated locomotive of the Garratt type. The wheel arrangement is effectively two 0-4-0 locomotives operating back-to-back or face-to-face, with the. Sep 21, 2010 'Anyone know if the patch 4.0.0 is Cataclysm or part of it, Im downloading it now and it says the size is 3.97GB seems kinda big even for a content patch' As someone else said, they making most of the changes (like talent points, and changing Hunters to have focus instead of mana) before the expansion. World of Warcraft: Cataclysm will be in stores on December 7, 2010 and the time has come to prep for the official launch by implementing its first major patch. Players can experience many major game and user interface systems updates in the first official patch for the upcoming third expansion, patch 4.0.1.

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The first Garratt locomotive, K1, one of two 2 ft (610 mm) gauge Tasmanian Government Railways K class locomotives built in 1909, has this wheel arrangement and has been restored to operating condition at the Welsh Highland Railway. This arrangement proved one of the less popular Garratt types, since most Garratt locomotives were larger and more powerful, requiring more pairs of driving wheels to operate within the normal axle load limits, and because leading wheels gave more stability and better tracking to allow faster speeds.[1]

In total, 34 Garratts of this type were constructed, seven by Garratt patent holder Beyer, Peacock, mostly for industrial use, and 27 by other builders. The largest user of the type was the C.F. Vicinaux du Mayumbe in the Belgian Congo, with twenty locomotives built to a 600 mm (1 ft 1158 in) gauge by St. Leonard in Belgium.[1][2]

0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt production list – All manufacturers[1][2][3][4]
GaugeRailwayClassWorks no.UnitsYearBuilder
500 mmSouthern Fuegian Railway, Argentina'Engineer Porta'11994Argentina
500 mmSouthern Fuegian Railway, Argentina'Engineer Zubieta'12006Girdlestone Rail, South Africa
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, ZaïreE209611927St. Leonard, Belgium
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, ZaïreA1708-170921911St. Leonard, Belgium
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, ZaïreA1715-171621911St. Leonard, Belgium
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, ZaïreB1899-190021919St. Leonard, Belgium
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, ZaïreB1953-195641921St. Leonard, Belgium
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, Zaïre2021-202551924St. Leonard, Belgium
600 mmC.F.Vicinaux du Mayumbe, ZaïreC2056-205941926St. Leonard, Belgium
2 ftDarjeeling Himalayan, IndiaD540711910Beyer, Peacock
2 ftTasmanian Government RailwaysK5292-529321909Beyer, Peacock
750 mmMines du Zaccar, Algeria175211936Du Haine Saint-Pierre
750 mmMines du Zaccar, Algeria178311937Du Haine Saint-Pierre
750 mmMines du Zaccar, Algeria178111912St. Leonard, Belgium
1,000 mmPorto Feliz Sugar Co., Brazil209111927St. Leonard, Belgium
1,000 mmPiracicaba Sugar Co., Brazil210811927St. Leonard, Belgium
4 ft 812 inVivian & Sons (British Copper/ICI)617211924Beyer, Peacock
4 ft 812 inSneyd Colliery, Burslem672911931Beyer, Peacock
4 ft 812 inGuest, Keen & Baldwins677911934Beyer, Peacock
4 ft 812 inBaddesley Colliery, Atherstone684111937Beyer, Peacock

Usage[edit]

Argentina[edit]

The Engineer Porta of the FCAF

The 500 mm (1934 in) gauge Southern Fuegian Railway (F.C.A.F.) in Argentina procured a new 0-4-0+0-4-0 Garratt in 1994. Based on Livio Dante Porta's work, it included larger cross section tubing, insulation of the boiler and an improved front end. This vastly improved the economy of this modern steam engine and more than doubled train length.[3][4]

Accordingly, a second Garratt for this railway was built to similar specifications, but with superheating added, in the workshops of Girdlestone Rail in Port Shepstone, South Africa. It was shipped to Argentina in 2006 and entered service in October of that year. These locomotives had their engine units arranged face-to-face.[3][4]

Australia[edit]

Ex-Tasmanian Garratt K1 on the Welsh Highland Railway

The Tasmanian Government Railways K class was the first class of Garratt locomotive ever produced. They differed from most later Garratts in two respects.

  • They were compound locomotives, with two high-pressure cylinders on the rear engine unit and two larger low-pressure cylinders on the front engine unit.
  • Their engine units were arranged with their cylinders facing each other, rather than back-to-back as on most other Garratts.[5][6][7][8]

United Kingdom[edit]

In addition to K1 at the Welsh Highland Railway, the industrial Beyer-Garratt William Francis, built in 1937, is preserved at the Bressingham Steam Museum. This locomotive had its engine units arranged back-to-back in the usual Garratt fashion.

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 0-4-0+0-4-0 locomotives.
  1. ^ abcHamilton, Gavin N., The Garratt Locomotive - Garratt Locomotives produced by Beyer, Peacock, retrieved 10 November 2012
  2. ^ abHamilton, Gavin N., The Garratt Locomotive - Garratt Locomotives from Other Builders, retrieved 10 November 2012
  3. ^ abc'The End of the World Train - Tierra del Fuego National Park - Engineer Porta'. Archived from the original on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  4. ^ abc'The End of the World Train - Tierra del Fuego National Park - Engineer Zubieta'. Archived from the original on 2012-02-29. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
  5. ^Turner, Jim (1997). Australian Steam Locomotives 1896-1958. Kenthurst: Kangaroo Press. p. 50. ISBN086417778X.
  6. ^Oberg, Leon (2010). Locomotives of Australia 1850s-2010. Dural: Rosenberg Publishing. pp. 143/144. ISBN9781921719011.
  7. ^K1 The World's First Garratt (Accessed on 27 October 2016)
  8. ^Steam Locomotives of the Tasmanian Government Railways and its Constituents.Australian Railway History, issue 917, March 2014, p. 19.
Where
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=0-4-0%2B0-4-0&oldid=918036746'

Work 4.0 (German: Arbeit 4.0) is the conceptual umbrella under which the future of work is discussed in Germany and, to some extent, within the European Union.[1] It describes how the world of work may change until 2030[2] and beyond in response to the developments associated with Industry 4.0, including widespread digitalization.[3] The concept was first introduced in November 2015 by the German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) when it launched a report entitled Re-Imagining Work: Green Paper Work 4.0.[4] It has since then been taken up by trade unions such as the DGB[5] and various employers' and industry association such as the VDMA[6] and the BDA.[7] At the global level, similar topics are addressed by the World Bank's 2019 World Development ReportThe Changing Nature of Work[8] and ILO's Future of Work Centenary Initiative.[9]

Conceptual Framework[edit]

Conceptually, Work 4.0 reflects the current fourth phase of work relations, having been preceded by the birth of industrial society and the first workers' organizations in the late 18th century (Work 1.0), the beginning of mass production and of the welfare state in the late 19th century (Work 2.0), and the advent of globalization, digitalization and the transformation of the social market economy since the 1970s (Work 3.0). By contrast, Work 4.0 is characterized by a high degree of integration and cooperation, the use of digital technologies (e.g. the internet), and a rise in flexible work arrangements.[10] Its drivers include digitalization, globalization, demographic change (ageing, migration), and cultural change.[11] Challenges include

  • (i) the transformation of economic sectors and activities and its effect on employment,
  • (ii) the creation of new markets and new forms of work through digital platforms,
  • (iii) the issues associated with Big Data (e.g. data protection),
  • (iv) the relationship between the use of human and machine labour (upskilling vs. deskilling, devaluation of experience, individual support vs. behavioural monitoring),
  • (v) the possibility of flexible work conditions regarding time and location, and
  • (vi) profound changes in the structures of organizations.[12]

World Of Where 4.0.0 1

In response to these challenges, the BMAS has developed a 'vision for quality jobs in the digital age', based on policies such as moving from unemployment to employment insurance, the promotion of self-determined flexible working time arrangements, improvements in the working conditions of the service sector, new ergonomic approaches to occupational health and safety, high standards in employee data protection, the co-determination and participation of social partners in employment relations, better social protection for self-employed persons, and the beginning of a European dialogue on the future of the welfare state.[13]

World Bank Analysis[edit]

World Of Where 4.0.0 Windows

The World Development Report 2019 argues that a new social contract is needed to address longer work transitions.[14] Authors Simeon Djankov and Federica Saliola documents examples of countries and companies that have created new ways to deliver social insurance.

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References[edit]

  1. ^European Political Strategy Centre (2016). The Future of Work: Skills and Resilience for a World of Change. EPSC Strategic Notes, Issue 13. Retrieved May 3rd, 2018.
  2. ^Vogler-Ludwig, K., Düll, N., Kriechel, B. (2016). Arbeitsmarkt 2030 - Wirtschaft und Arbeitsmarkt im digitalen Zeitalter. Prognose 2016. Munich: Economix Research & Consulting.
  3. ^Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany (2017). Re-Imagining Work: White Paper Work 4.0, p. 5.
  4. ^Salimi, M. (2015). Work 4.0: An Enormous Potential for Economic Growth in Germany. ADAPT Bulletin.
  5. ^Suchy, O. (November 17th, 2015). Stellungnahme des DGB zum Grünbuch „Arbeiten 4.0“ des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales. Retrieved August 18th, 2018.
  6. ^VDMA. Work 4.0 - Humans at its heart.
  7. ^BDA (May 2015). Chancen der Digitalisierung nutzen: Positionspapier der BDA zur Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt. Retrieved August 18th, 2018.
  8. ^World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work.
  9. ^International Labour Organization: The Future of Work Centenary Initiative. Retrieved August 18th, 2018.
  10. ^Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany (2015). Re-Imagining Work: Green Paper Work 4.0, pp. 33-5.
  11. ^Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany (2017). Re-Imagining Work: White Paper Work 4.0, pp. 18-41.
  12. ^Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany (2017). Re-Imagining Work: White Paper Work 4.0, pp. 42-91.
  13. ^Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany (2017). Re-Imagining Work: White Paper Work 4.0, pp. 98-187.
  14. ^'The Changing Nature of Work'. Retrieved 7 October 2018.

External links[edit]

World Of Where 4.0.0 Online

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Work_4.0&oldid=923944136'